The Indonesian education system has been experiencing many changes to improve its quality, yet student outcomes at a global level have been gradually declining. Teachers are the most subject to blame for these downward trends and are, therefore, compelled to improve their teaching strategy through various training sessions and workshops. However, having been driven by nationally high expectations to increase graduation rates in this neoliberal era, teachers have dominantly put the focus on teaching to pass examinations and gain credits rather than leading for critical and creative transformation. As a result, this mechanistic teaching still does not considerably influence student success. In
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