This study aimed at determining which effect the private cost of education has on the secondary school learners' access and retention in Homa-Bay County, Kenya. Three objectives guided the study: To determine the effect of direct cost of education on access and retention of public secondary schools' learners, to determine the effect of the opportunity cost on access and retention of students of public secondary schools and to determine the strategies required to improve on access and retention of learners in public secondary schools in Ndhiwa sub ounty. Descriptive research design was applied. Theoretical framework adopt Classical liberal theory of equal opportunity.
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